GLOBAL ECOLOGICAL VALUES AND BUDDHISM

Ecological values are related to the surroundings covering all aspects of nature i.e. Trees, plants, animals, and human beings in the environment. Modern unscientific and unplanned technological advances are considered the major causes of the ecological imbalance. Buddhism is a system of ethics and values. Lord Buddha is the founder of Buddhism. He is one of the greatest ethical teachers in the world. Buddhism teaches us to respect all forms of life and nature. Ecological values can be observed by applying Buddha’s tenets of the Four Noble Truths, Law of Dependent Origination, Eight Fold Path, Right livelihood, etc. We have to realize the extent to which the forest ecosystem and the entire global life-support system are interdependent. The ethics and values of Buddhism show the feelings of Love, compassion, kindness, and other noble qualities and human values, which are compulsory for ecological values. This paper will explore how Buddhism and Lord Buddha’s teachings are purely eco-friendly and how they can bring about happy, healthy, harmonious, and peaceful co-existence through the principle of regard for all levels of beings in the world as a whole

A comparative study of anticonvulsant effect of phenytoin and lamotrigine in albino mice

Background: The anticonvulsant activity of lamotrigine has been extensively studied and its role is established. Lamotrigine have shown recently to be useful in various epileptic seizures. Since antiepileptic drugs are used for longer duration, so less toxic drugs should be chosen. So, in the present study the Lamotrigine has been chosen to compare the anticonvulsant action, effectiveness, toxicity and lethal dose of the drug used in the study keeping the phenytoin as a standard drug.Methods: The present study has been carried out in the Department of Pharmacology, Darbhanga Medical College, Laheriasarai. Induction of seizure with the help of electro-convulsiometer in albino mice was done followed by the observation of the anti-convulsant activity of lamotrigine in comparison with phenytoin sodium was made. Side effects or toxicity of the drugs used (Acute neurotoxicity) was observed.Results: Lamotrigine caused lower mortality in comparison to phenytoin for the same dose ranges. The anticonvulsant properties of Lamotrigine were compared with phenytoin and the effect has been found to be satisfactory. Lamotrigine protected experimentally induced grand mal seizure and was observed to be ineffective against experimentally induced petit mal seizure. The ED 50 of Lamotrigine was found to be higher and the toxic dose was also higher in comparision with standard drugs. The protective index of lamotrigine was found to be less than that of phenytoin. Margin of safety of the drug was found to be more due to their shorter protective index than that of phenytoin.Conclusions: Lamotrigine can be used clinically as anticonvulsant in Grandmal type of epilepsy but not in Petitmal epilepsy, and has equivocal anticonvulsant effect but slightly less toxicity to phenytoin but further elaborate screening of the drug by various experiments is needed to come to a precise conclusion

DECOLORIZATION OF DISTILLERY EFFLUENT WASTE BY MICROBIAL CONSORTIUM

Aim: The effluent discharged from sugarcane molasses based distilleries causes environmental pollution due to its large volume and dark brown colour. The effluents also acifidys soils and causes harmful effects on agriculture crops. The objective of this work was the decolourization of molasses waste water from Doiwala sugar industry, Dehradun was done using different microbial consortiums. Methodology and Results: The microbial strains used in this study were obtained from IMTECH, Chandigarh. They were designated as A is E. coli, B is Pseudomonas aeruginosa, C is Staphylococcus aureus, D is Serritia odoriferae, E is Proteus vulgaris and F is Candida albicans. A total of six combinations were prepared using these strains i.e A+B, C+D, E+F, A+B+C, D+E+F and A+B+C+D+E+F. These consortiums were subjected to decolorization experiment of molasses waste water from Doiwala Sugar Factory, Dehradun, India at regular time interval by measuring the optical density. It was observed that at 7th day incubation in each case all consortiums showed maximum decolorization after which the percentage of decolorization was stable. It was also observed that the bacterial consortiums showed higher decolorization than the mixture of bacteria and fungi. Consortium C+D showed highest decolorization i.e. 89%. Conclusion, significance and impact study: it is recommended that industry should work with this consortium for decolorization of molasses containing wastewater to solve this environmental problem.